3ie Systematic reviews & Scoping papers
Promoting handwashing and sanitation behaviour change in low- and middle-income countries A mixed-method systematic review, June 2017. This systematic review shows which promotional approaches are effective in changing handwashing and sanitation behaviour and which implementation factors affect the success or failure of such interventions.
Promoting latrine use in India, August 2017. The major barriers to use appear to be poor latrine quality and certain inhibiting knowledge, attitudes and practices (e.g. perceived convenience and pleasure of open defecation, despite knowing the health consequences). The importance of the design and location of the latrine appear to carry significant implications for use.
Others
Multipathway Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Fecal Contamination for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Environments in Accra, Ghana: The SaniPath Analytical Approach. AJTMH, August 21, 2017. Although we observed variation in estimated exposure (108–1016 CFU/day for Escherichia coli) between different age groups and neighborhoods, the greatest contribution was consistently from food. Hands played a pivotal role in fecal microbe transfer, linking environmental sources to oral ingestion.
Clean and Green: a new implementation framework for sustainable rural sanitation. SEI, 2017. Clean and Green is the first rural sanitation implementation framework that explicitly addresses efficient local resource management, including waste reuse, in parallel with sanitation and hygiene promotion. The framework centres on certifications to reward progress along parallel Clean (risk management) and Green (resource management) tracks.
Black Soldier Fly Biowaste Processing. EAWAG, 2017. The grown larvae make an excellent protein source in animal feed and their sale can, thus, contribute to lower treatment cost and to a lucrative business with organic waste.
Beyond Scarcity: Water Security in the Middle East and North Africa. World Bank, August 2017. This report shows that achieving water security means much more than coping with water scarcity. It means managing water resources in a sustainable, efficient, and equitable way.
Effectiveness of table top water pitcher filters to remove arsenic from drinking water. Environmental Research, October 2017. Thus, the ZeroWater® pitcher filter is a cost effective and short-term solution to remove arsenic from drinking water and its use reduces plastic waste associated with bottled water.
Sanitation Updates 
I would like to comment on the ‘Promoting Sanitation in India’ and for that matter, my comment shall include ‘promoting Sanitation Worldwide’ as well.
The above said 3ie research document has made exclusive coverage of methods, constrains and proposal for promoting Sanitation. The statistical data tables are very impressive and provide a clear idea as to where the priorities of interventions are required and enable us to guess how far the Sanitation coverage is effective in terms various local governments’ attitude, literacy levels of population, geological locations of states and so on.
But my worry is that the fundamental issues that are causing the struggle to promote Sanitation are not even basically understood or considered. I have a strong feeling that we are running around the bush without identifying the real causes. Everyone know that unhygienic toilets, foul smell from toilets, high costs of building latrines, periodic emptying of septic, the water needs of toilet are the main constrains and we have not done anything about it. To make things easy we have only invented pit latrines and multimillion campaign systems to promote sanitation by literally forcing the population to use them. We also know very well that these systems are not either going to help any health improvement or provide sustainable solution and yet we keep on continuing on this strategy not even thinking any fruitful change.
The solution to all the above problems has one single solution, which is to invent an innovative carefree toilet system, which is pleasant to use, proper to improve health and affordable to even the poor of the poorest, no need to worry to have piped water or fetching buckets of water or worry about periodic emptying of septic contents etc. Such a system shall make a magical change in the whole scenario of Sanitation like the advent of emails from postal system or the advent of mobile phones from cabled telephone systems for example. These astounding developments came from continuous R&D in the respective fields, whereas no such things happened in the field of Sanitation ever since centuries when the first modern flush toilet was invented by Alexander Cummins in the year 1775.The reason I could guess is that we are not focused or making initiatives on the actual needs of Sanitation.
Making such innovative toilet systems is not a difficult task, our scientists/technologists can deliver dozens of such systems just on a single notice, but the problem is that no one wants to make initiative to get them delivered. I am writing this from Sanitec and want to assure that we can ourselves provide such Carefree Toilet systems if anyone is really interested in.